Beyond ‘Last But Not Least’: Diverse Ways to Conclude

Concluding a speech, presentation, or even a simple list often calls for a phrase that signals the end while highlighting a final, important point. While “last but not least” is a common choice, relying on it repeatedly can make your writing or speaking sound monotonous.

This article explores a rich variety of alternative phrases and techniques to add nuance, sophistication, and impact to your conclusions. Understanding these options will empower you to express yourself more effectively and engage your audience more fully, whether you’re a student, a professional, or simply someone who enjoys crafting well-articulated thoughts.

This comprehensive guide will provide definitions, examples, usage rules, common mistakes, and practice exercises to help you master the art of impactful conclusions.

This article is designed for English language learners, public speakers, writers, and anyone looking to improve their communication skills. By expanding your repertoire of concluding phrases, you can add variety, sophistication, and emphasis to your message, making your communication more dynamic and persuasive.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Definition: Concluding Phrases
3. Structural Breakdown of Concluding Phrases
4. Types and Categories of Concluding Phrases
   • Phrases Emphasizing Importance
   • Phrases Signaling the End
   • Phrases Adding a Final Thought
   • Phrases Creating a Memorable Impression
5. Examples of Concluding Phrases
   • Examples Emphasizing Importance
   • Examples Signaling the End
   • Examples Adding a Final Thought
   • Examples Creating a Memorable Impression
6. Usage Rules for Concluding Phrases
7. Common Mistakes When Using Concluding Phrases
8. Practice Exercises
9. Advanced Topics: Nuances and Context
10. Frequently Asked Questions
11. Conclusion

Definition: Concluding Phrases

Concluding phrases are words or expressions used to signal the end of a speech, presentation, essay, or any structured piece of communication. Their primary function is to provide closure, summarizing key points, emphasizing a final thought, or leaving a lasting impression on the audience.

They act as signposts, indicating that the main content has been delivered and that the speaker or writer is wrapping up their message.

These phrases can be classified based on their specific function and the context in which they are used. For example, some phrases explicitly announce the end, while others subtly reinforce the main theme or offer a call to action.

The choice of concluding phrase depends on the overall tone and purpose of the communication.

Structural Breakdown of Concluding Phrases

Concluding phrases typically consist of one or more words that form a cohesive unit. They often appear at the beginning of the final sentence or paragraph, acting as a bridge between the main content and the conclusion.

Structurally, they can be adverbs, adverbial phrases, or even short clauses.

Here’s a breakdown of common structural elements:

• Adverbs: Single words like finally, ultimately, essentially.
• Adverbial Phrases: Groups of words functioning as adverbs, such as in conclusion, to summarize, above all.
• Short Clauses: Brief statements that introduce the conclusion, for example, it is important to remember that, with that in mind.

The effectiveness of a concluding phrase lies not only in its structure but also in its placement and the way it connects to the preceding content. A well-chosen phrase will seamlessly guide the audience towards the end while reinforcing the key message.

Types and Categories of Concluding Phrases

Concluding phrases can be categorized according to their function and the specific effect they aim to achieve. Understanding these categories will help you choose the most appropriate phrase for your context.

Phrases Emphasizing Importance

These phrases highlight the significance of the final point or the overall message. They reinforce the importance of what has been said and ensure that the audience remembers the key takeaway.

Examples include: most importantly, above all, significantly, crucially, essentially, fundamentally, primarily, of utmost importance, it is vital to remember.

Phrases Signaling the End

These phrases explicitly indicate that the communication is coming to a close. They provide a clear signal to the audience that the speaker or writer is wrapping up their message.

Examples include: in conclusion, to conclude, to summarize, in summary, finally, lastly, to sum up, in closing, on a final note, as a final point.

Phrases Adding a Final Thought

These phrases introduce a concluding thought that adds depth or perspective to the overall message. They often offer a reflection, a call to action, or a broader implication.

Examples include: with that in mind, considering this, in light of this, therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, with this in mind, on that note.

Phrases Creating a Memorable Impression

These phrases aim to leave a lasting impact on the audience. They often use evocative language or a thought-provoking statement to ensure that the message resonates long after the communication has ended.

Examples include: ultimately, in the grand scheme of things, at the end of the day, when all is said and done, the bottom line is, it all boils down to, the long and short of it is.

Examples of Concluding Phrases

The following tables provide numerous examples of concluding phrases categorized by their function. Each example is presented in a sentence to illustrate its usage in context.

Examples Emphasizing Importance

The table below provides examples of phrases used to emphasize the importance of a point in a concluding statement. These phrases ensure that the audience understands the key takeaway from the preceding information.

Concluding Phrase	Example Sentence
Most importantly,	Most importantly, we must remember the human cost of these decisions.
Above all,	Above all, integrity should guide our actions.
Significantly,	Significantly, the data indicates a clear trend.
Crucially,	Crucially, we need to address the root causes of the problem.
Essentially,	Essentially, the plan hinges on securing adequate funding.
Fundamentally,	Fundamentally, this is a question of ethics.
Primarily,	Primarily, our focus should be on improving customer satisfaction.
Of utmost importance,	Of utmost importance, is the safety of our employees.
It is vital to remember,	It is vital to remember, the lessons of the past.
Paramountly,	Paramountly, we must prioritize education reform.
Notably,	Notably, the study revealed unexpected results.
Remarkably,	Remarkably, the company achieved record profits this year.
Chiefly,	Chiefly, the problem stems from inadequate resources.
Notably,	Notably, the research confirmed previous findings.
Principally,	Principally, we are concerned with environmental sustainability.
Especially,	Especially, we must consider the needs of vulnerable populations.
In particular,	In particular, the new regulations will impact small businesses.
Specifically,	Specifically, the budget cuts will affect several departments.
Undoubtedly,	Undoubtedly, this is a significant achievement.
Indisputably,	Indisputably, climate change is a serious threat.
Certainly,	Certainly, this is a challenging situation.
Definitely,	Definitely, we need to take action now.
Absolutely,	Absolutely, we support the proposed changes.
Assuredly,	Assuredly, we will overcome these obstacles.
Positively,	Positively, the project will create new jobs.
Truly,	Truly, this is a remarkable story.
Genuinely,	Genuinely, we appreciate your hard work and dedication.
Honestly,	Honestly, this is the best solution.

Examples Signaling the End

The following table contains examples of phrases that explicitly signal the end of a speech, presentation, or written piece. These phrases provide a clear indication that the speaker or writer is concluding their message.

Concluding Phrase	Example Sentence
In conclusion,	In conclusion, we have seen that renewable energy is a viable solution.
To conclude,	To conclude, I would like to thank everyone for their participation.
To summarize,	To summarize, the key findings support our hypothesis.
In summary,	In summary, we have discussed the benefits and drawbacks of the new policy.
Finally,	Finally, let us remember the importance of collaboration.
Lastly,	Lastly, I want to address a few remaining concerns.
To sum up,	To sum up, the project has been a resounding success.
In closing,	In closing, I encourage you to consider the implications of this decision.
On a final note,	On a final note, I would like to express my gratitude to the team.
As a final point,	As a final point, it is important to consider the long-term effects.
Ultimately,	Ultimately, the decision rests with you.
In the end,	In the end, hard work and dedication will always pay off.
Eventually,	Eventually, we will achieve our goals.
All in all,	All in all, it has been a productive year.
Briefly,	Briefly, let me recap the main points.
In brief,	In brief, the proposal is well-supported.
Shortly,	Shortly, I will announce the winners of the competition.
In short,	In short, the project is on track.
To be brief,	To be brief, we need to act quickly.
As a final remark,	As a final remark, I would like to thank our sponsors.
To conclude this discussion,	To conclude this discussion, let’s summarize the main arguments.
To wrap things up,	To wrap things up, I’ll quickly review our action items.
In final analysis,	In final analysis, the benefits outweigh the risks.
On the whole,	On the whole, the project was a success.
Taking everything into account,	Taking everything into account, we recommend moving forward with the plan.
Considering all aspects,	Considering all aspects, this is the best course of action.
After careful consideration,	After careful consideration, we have reached a decision.

Examples Adding a Final Thought

This table presents phrases that introduce a concluding thought, adding depth or perspective to the overall message. These phrases often offer a reflection, a call to action, or a broader implication.

Concluding Phrase	Example Sentence
With that in mind,	With that in mind, we should strive to create a more inclusive society.
Considering this,	Considering this, it is clear that further research is needed.
In light of this,	In light of this, we must re-evaluate our priorities.
Therefore,	Therefore, we urge you to take immediate action.
Thus,	Thus, we can see the importance of education.
Consequently,	Consequently, we expect to see significant improvements.
Accordingly,	Accordingly, we have adjusted our strategy.
With this in mind,	With this in mind, let us move forward with confidence.
On that note,	On that note, I would like to wish you all the best.
As a result,	As a result, we have implemented new safety measures.
For this reason,	For this reason, we are recommending a change in policy.
Because of this,	Because of this, we have seen a decrease in accidents.
Hence,	Hence, we need to invest in infrastructure.
In that case,	In that case, we should proceed with caution.
That being said,	That being said, there are still some challenges to overcome.
Even so,	Even so, we remain optimistic about the future.
Nevertheless,	Nevertheless, we must continue to strive for improvement.
Nonetheless,	Nonetheless, we are confident in our ability to succeed.
Regardless,	Regardless, we will continue to support our community.
Despite this,	Despite this, the project remains on schedule.
In any event,	In any event, we appreciate your understanding.
Whatever the case,	Whatever the case, we must remain vigilant.
At any rate,	At any rate, let’s focus on the present.
In either case,	In either case, we will be prepared.
Under these circumstances,	Under these circumstances, we must proceed carefully.
Given these considerations,	Given these considerations, we suggest a different approach.
Based on this evidence,	Based on this evidence, we can conclude that…

Examples Creating a Memorable Impression

The table below offers examples of phrases designed to leave a lasting impact on the audience. These phrases often use evocative language or a thought-provoking statement to ensure that the message resonates long after the communication has ended.

Concluding Phrase	Example Sentence
Ultimately,	Ultimately, our success depends on our collective effort.
In the grand scheme of things,	In the grand scheme of things, this is a small step towards a better future.
At the end of the day,	At the end of the day, what matters most is the impact we have on others.
When all is said and done,	When all is said and done, we will be judged by our actions.
The bottom line is,	The bottom line is, we need to invest in our future.
It all boils down to,	It all boils down to making the right choices.
The long and short of it is,	The long and short of it is, we need to work together.
To put it simply,	To put it simply, we need to do better.
In essence,	In essence, we are all responsible for our planet.
Essentially,	Essentially, it’s about creating a sustainable future.
In summary,	In summary, the power to change the world lies within each of us.
To conclude,	To conclude, let us strive for a brighter tomorrow.
Finally,	Finally, remember that every action counts.
In the final analysis,	In the final analysis, our legacy will be defined by our contributions.
In retrospect,	In retrospect, we can see the lessons learned.
Looking back,	Looking back, we can appreciate the progress we have made.
In hindsight,	In hindsight, we might have done things differently.
The moral of the story is,	The moral of the story is, honesty is always the best policy.
The takeaway is,	The takeaway is, we need to be more mindful of our impact.
As a final thought,	As a final thought, let us always remember the importance of kindness.
In closing,	In closing, I leave you with this thought: ….
Before I leave you,	Before I leave you, I want to encourage you to…
With that,	With that, I conclude my remarks.
Let me leave you with this,	Let me leave you with this: The future is in our hands.
And so,	And so, we come to the end of our journey.
And finally,	And finally, I want to thank you all for listening.
To end with a thought,	To end with a thought, let’s consider the possibilities.

Usage Rules for Concluding Phrases

While concluding phrases offer flexibility in expression, it’s important to adhere to certain usage rules to ensure clarity and effectiveness.

• Clarity: Choose phrases that clearly signal the end of your communication. Avoid ambiguous or confusing language.
• Context: Select phrases that are appropriate for the tone and purpose of your message. A formal presentation requires different phrasing than a casual conversation.
• Variety: Avoid overuse of the same concluding phrase. Mix and match different phrases to maintain audience engagement.
• Grammar: Ensure that your concluding phrase is grammatically correct and fits seamlessly into the sentence structure.
• Emphasis: Use concluding phrases to emphasize the most important point or takeaway.

Exception: In creative writing, you may deviate from these rules for stylistic effect. However, in most professional and academic contexts, it’s best to adhere to standard usage.

Common Mistakes When Using Concluding Phrases

Even experienced communicators can make mistakes when using concluding phrases. Here are some common errors to avoid:

Incorrect	Correct	Explanation
“In conclusion, but…”	“In conclusion,…”	“In conclusion” already signals the end, so adding “but” creates a contradictory statement.
“Lastly, and most importantly…”	“Most importantly,…” or “Lastly,…”	Combining “lastly” (signaling the end) with “most importantly” (emphasizing importance) can be redundant. Choose one based on your intended emphasis.
Overusing “In conclusion” in every paragraph.	Varying concluding phrases throughout the document.	Repetitive use of the same phrase makes the writing monotonous and less impactful.
Using a concluding phrase that doesn’t match the tone. Example: “At the end of the day, this is a serious matter.” in a lighthearted speech.	Using a concluding phrase that matches the tone. Example: “Ultimately, this is a serious matter.” in a formal presentation.	Mismatching the tone can detract from the message.
“To summarize, I will now introduce a new topic.”	“To summarize, we have covered the main points. Now, let’s move on to the next section.”	A concluding phrase should not introduce a new topic, but rather wrap up the current discussion.
“In conclusion, I have nothing left to say.”	“In conclusion, I hope this presentation has been informative.”	A concluding phrase should still provide a meaningful closing statement, not just announce the end.
Using a phrase like “last but not least” when there are only two points.	Reserving “last but not least” for lists with three or more items.	The phrase implies a longer, more significant list.

Practice Exercises

Test your understanding of concluding phrases with these practice exercises. Choose the most appropriate concluding phrase for each sentence from the options provided.

Question	Options	Answer
1. ________, we must prioritize sustainable development to protect our planet for future generations.	a) Finally, b) Most importantly, c) In summary	b) Most importantly
2. ________, I would like to thank all the volunteers for their hard work and dedication to this project.	a) Therefore, b) In closing, c) However	b) In closing
3. ________, further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of this new technology.	a) Considering this, b) In conclusion, c) For example	a) Considering this
4. ________, our success depends on our ability to adapt to changing market conditions.	a) Ultimately, b) In addition, c) Similarly	a) Ultimately
5. ________, it is essential to remember the importance of collaboration and teamwork.	a) However, b) Conversely, c) It is vital to remember,	c) It is vital to remember,
6. ________, I believe that we can achieve our goals if we work together.	a) Therefore, b) Briefly, c) Honestly	c) Honestly
7. ________, let us move forward with confidence and determination.	a) With this in mind, b) Nevertheless, c) In spite of	a) With this in mind,
8. ________, this project has been a resounding success, thanks to the efforts of everyone involved.	a) In contrast, b) To sum up, c) In other words	b) To sum up,
9. ________, it is crucial to address the root causes of poverty and inequality.	a) Crucially, b) In short, c) For instance	a) Crucially,
10. ________, remember that every small action can make a big difference.	a) Finally, b) As a final thought, c) Otherwise	b) As a final thought,

Advanced Topics: Nuances and Context

For advanced learners, understanding the nuances and contextual appropriateness of concluding phrases is crucial for effective communication. Consider the following:

• Formal vs. Informal: Some phrases are more suitable for formal settings (e.g., “In conclusion,” “To summarize”), while others are better for informal contexts (e.g., “At the end of the day,” “The bottom line is”).
• Audience Awareness: Tailor your concluding phrase to your audience. Consider their background, knowledge level, and expectations.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Be aware of cultural differences in communication styles. Some cultures may prefer more direct concluding phrases, while others may favor more subtle approaches.
• Rhetorical Devices: Use concluding phrases in conjunction with rhetorical devices (e.g., repetition, metaphors, alliteration) to create a more powerful and memorable impact.

Mastering these advanced topics will elevate your communication skills and enable you to connect with your audience on a deeper level.

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are some frequently asked questions about using concluding phrases:

1. Q: Is it always necessary to use a concluding phrase?

   A: While not always mandatory, using a concluding phrase is generally recommended, especially in formal settings. It provides closure and helps the audience understand that you are wrapping up your message. In informal settings, it depends on the context and your personal style.

2. Q: Can I use multiple concluding phrases in a single piece of communication?

   A: Yes, you can use multiple concluding phrases, especially in longer presentations or documents. However, be mindful of repetition and ensure that each phrase serves a distinct purpose.

3. Q: How do I choose the right concluding phrase for my context?

   A: Consider the tone, purpose, and audience of your communication. A formal presentation requires different phrasing than a casual conversation. Think about the message you want to leave with your audience and choose a phrase that reinforces that message.

4. Q: What are some alternatives to “last but not least”?

   A: Many alternatives exist, including “most importantly,” “above all,” “significantly,” “crucially,” and “essentially.” Choose a phrase that accurately reflects the importance of the final point.

5. Q: Is it okay to use a concluding phrase that is slightly different from the standard definition?

   A: Yes, you can use concluding phrases creatively, as long as the meaning is clear and appropriate for the context. However, avoid using phrases that are completely unrelated to the idea of concluding or summarizing.

6. Q: How can I make my concluding phrases more impactful?

   A: Use strong verbs, evocative language, and rhetorical devices to create a lasting impression. Connect your concluding phrase to the overall theme or message of your communication. Practice your delivery to ensure that your concluding phrase is delivered with confidence and conviction.

7. Q: Should I always summarize all the main points in my conclusion?

   A: Not always. While summarizing is a common approach, you can also focus on emphasizing the most important point, offering a call to action, or providing a broader perspective. The best approach depends on the specific context and purpose of your communication.

8. Q: What if I can’t think of a good concluding phrase?

   A: Start by reviewing the main points of your communication and identifying the key takeaway. Then, brainstorm different phrases that could effectively signal the end and reinforce your message. You can also consult a thesaurus or online resources for inspiration.

Conclusion

Mastering the art of concluding phrases is essential for effective communication. By expanding your vocabulary and understanding the nuances of different phrases, you can add variety, sophistication, and impact to your writing and speaking.

Remember to consider the tone, purpose, and audience of your message when choosing a concluding phrase. Avoid common mistakes, practice regularly, and continuously refine your skills to become a more confident and persuasive communicator.

The ability to conclude effectively leaves a lasting impression on your audience, solidifying your message and ensuring that your key points are remembered. By incorporating the techniques and examples discussed in this article, you will be well-equipped to craft compelling and memorable conclusions in any situation.

Remember that practice makes perfect, so continue to explore different concluding phrases and experiment with their usage to find what works best for you. With dedication and attention to detail, you can master the art of the perfect conclusion.